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Cartography deals with the challenge of representing the shape of the Earth on a plane through cartographic projections. However, all projections result in distortions in the contours, distances and proportions of continents and oceans. There is the Cylindrical Projection - which uses a cylinder as a projection surface, and is ideal for building planispheres; Conical projection - uses a cone as a projection surface, and is ideal for mapping mid-latitude regions; and Azimuthal projection - uses a plane as a projection surface, and is ideal for building maps of polar regions.
