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French deck makers in the 15th century pioneered dividing a deck into red and black colors, as well as incorporating the four suits of Clubs, Hearts, Spades and Diamonds. Court cards based on historical figures such as Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great were also created. The Queen of Hearts, who is commonly confused with Elizabeth I, is actually Queen Judith of the Catholic Bible, created many years before Elizabeth's birth. British deck producers also adopted these images, but applied the so-called 'British Rule' which changed the classifications of the king and queen according to the monarch who ruled in England at the time.
