Portuguese EN 9th grade: Prepositions, Groups and Functions

Preposição

An invariable word that links parts of a sentence, showing relations (place, time, cause, purpose).

Preposições simples: a, ante, após, até, com, contra, de, desde, em, entre, para, perante, por, sem, sob, sobre, trás.

Locuções prepositivas: são sequências de duas ou mais palavras.

abaixo de, acerca de, antes de, ao lado de, atrás de, defronte de, depois de, em cima de, em direção a, em torno de, junto de, para baixo de, perto de, por cima de...

Grupos constituintes da frase

A sentence is organized into groups:

grupo nominal: Ex.: Ontem eu conheci a vizinha do João

grupo verbal: Ex.: A Camila entregou o trabalho à professora.

grupo adjetival: Ex.: A Daniela é uma aluna muito inteligente.

grupo preposicional: Ex.: Gosto de pessoas leais.

grupo adverbial: Ex.: Ontem o dia foi fantástico!

Funções sintáticas

Sujeito: who performs the action.

Ex.: O Francisco toca bateria.

✔ To identify: ask the verb → “Quem?” ou “O quê?”.

✔ Can be replaced by a pronome pessoal (ele, eles).

Tipos de sujeito

Simples: one core(A Ana fez um batido).

Composto: more than one core (O João e a Ana estudam).

Predicado

Everything that is said about the subject (includes the verb). Ex.: O Carlos comprou uma prenda.

Vocativo

Element used to call or address someone..

Ex.: Ó João, anda cá!

Did you know?

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Explore more about Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.
Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.
- Formas tónicas: used alone or for emphasis (mim, ti, ele, nós).
- Formas átonas: used attached to the verb (me, te, se, o, a, nos, vos).
Pronome pessoal em adjacência verbal
- Ênclise: after the verb (amar-me-ás).
- Próclise: before the verb (me amarás).
- Mesóclise: in the middle of the verb, used with future tense (amar-me-ás).
Contração de pronomes pessoais
Personal pronouns (pronomes pessoais) can combine with direct (direto) and indirect (indireto) objects into a single form.
me + o = mo / nos + o = no=lo / vos + o = vo-lo
te + o = to / lhe + o = lho / lhes + o = lho
Ex.: Dei um telemóvel à minha irmã.
complemento direto + complemento indireto
Dei-o à minha irmã
Dei-lhe um telemóvel
Dei-lho
Pronome pessoal “se”
It can perform different syntactic functions or refer to certain phrasal structures.
- se reflexo: complemento direto (Ela penteia-se)
- se recíproco: complemento indireto (Eles abraçam-se)
- se impessoal: sujeito indeterminado (Diz-se que está a ficar cego)
- se passivo: partícula apassivante (Vendem-se maçãs.)
Pronome demonstrativo
Indicates position or reference: este, essa, aquele, isto, isso, aquilo.
Pronome possessivo
Indicates possession: meu, teu, seu, nossa, vossos.
Pronome indefinido
Indicates vague quantity or identity: alguém, ninguém, tudo, algum, certo.
Pronome relativo
Links clauses and refers back to a previous term: que, quem, cujo, onde...

Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.
Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.
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