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Portuguese EN 9th grade: Pronouns: Types, Functions, and Uses

Pronouns: Types, Functions, and Uses

Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.

Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.

Subclasses de pronomes

Pronome pessoal

Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.

- Formas tónicas: used alone or for emphasis (mim, ti, ele, nós).

- Formas átonas: used attached to the verb (me, te, se, o, a, nos, vos).

Pronome pessoal em adjacência verbal

- Ênclise: after the verb (amar-me-ás).

- Próclise: before the verb (me amarás).

- Mesóclise: in the middle of the verb, used with future tense (amar-me-ás).

Contração de pronomes pessoais

Personal pronouns (pronomes pessoais) can combine with direct (direto) and indirect (indireto) objects into a single form.

me + o = mo / nos + o = no=lo / vos + o = vo-lo

te + o = to / lhe + o = lho / lhes + o = lho

Ex.: Dei um telemóvel à minha irmã.

complemento direto + complemento indireto

Dei-o à minha irmã

Dei-lhe um telemóvel

Dei-lho

Pronome pessoal “se”

It can perform different syntactic functions or refer to certain phrasal structures.

- se reflexo: complemento direto (Ela penteia-se)

- se recíproco: complemento indireto (Eles abraçam-se)

- se impessoal: sujeito indeterminado (Diz-se que está a ficar cego)

- se passivo: partícula apassivante (Vendem-se maçãs.)

Pronome demonstrativo

Indicates position or reference: este, essa, aquele, isto, isso, aquilo.

Pronome possessivo

Indicates possession: meu, teu, seu, nossa, vossos.

Pronome indefinido

Indicates vague quantity or identity: alguém, ninguém, tudo, algum, certo.

Pronome relativo

Links clauses and refers back to a previous term: que, quem, cujo, onde.


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Origin of the statue
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Lisbon is not just built above ground. Over more than two thousand years, different civilizations have constructed underground structures that remain hidden to this day.
Origin of the tunnels
Romans: drainage galleries, aqueducts, and sewers.
Islamic period: passages used for escape and supply.
Middle Ages: corridors under convents, churches, and palaces.
Purpose
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