≡Oral Comprehension
Oral Comprehension
Oral comprehension consists of listening to and correctly interpreting a spoken message (e.g., recording, news report, interview, speech).
The exam may include a short audio clip such as:
- radio news report
- interview
- explanation of a topic
- dialogue
- Topic and Subject
Topic: the general central idea of the text (e.g., environment).
Subject: a specific part of the topic (e.g., ocean pollution).
Essential and Accessory Information
Essential: fundamental for understanding the text.
Accessory: details or examples that complement the information.
Topics
These are the main parts of the content, usually organized in a logical sequence.
Communicative Intentions
This is the speaker's objective. How to:
- inform
- convince
- explain
- warn
- criticize
Objective and Subjective Information
Objective: based on verifiable facts.
Subjective: based on opinions or feelings.
Literal and Figurative Meaning
Literal: direct meaning of the words.
Figurative: symbolic or metaphorical meaning.
Deductions and Inferences
It is drawing conclusions from clues in the text, even when something is not directly stated.
Registration and Processing of Information
Recording and Processing Information
After listening to or reading something, it is important to organize the information.
Key Ideas
These are the most important pieces of information in the text.
They usually answer questions such as:
Quem?
O quê?
Como?
Porquê?
Notes
They consist of short written points, using:
keywords
diagrams / outlines
lists
Synthesis
A synthesis is a summary of the main ideas, written in your own words and in a clear way.
Test yourself in these challenges 👇
Discover some interesting facts about Portuguese EN 9th grade
Oral Communication
Oral Communication
It refers to the ability to speak in a clear, organized, and appropriate way.
Argumentative Dialogue
A conversation in which participants defend ideas or opinions by presenting arguments.
Debate
An organized discussion about a topic in which different people present opinions and arguments.
Presentation on a Topic
An organized oral presentation used to explain or inform about a subject.
Common structure:
Introduction of the topic
Development of ideas
Conclusion
Nonverbal Resources
These are elements that accompany speech, such as:
gestures
facial expressions
posture
eye contact
tone of voice
They help reinforce the message.
Principles of Courtesy and Cooperation
During oral communication it is important to:
respect speaking turns
listen carefully to others
use polite language
respond clearly
Reading - Text Interpretation
Text Interpretation
Interpreting a text means deeply understanding its content and intention.
Theme and Main Ideas
Theme: the general subject of the text.
Main ideas: essential information that develops the theme.
Fact and Opinion
Fact: verifiable information.
Opinion: a point of view or personal judgment.
Points of View
It is the perspective of the writer, who may agree, criticize, or analyze a topic.
Persuasive Elements
Resources used to convince the reader, such as:
arguments
examples
data
comparisons
Global Meaning of the Text
It is the general message that the text conveys.
Text Structure
The organization of a text usually includes:
introduction
development
conclusion
Continued - Text Interpretation
Deductions and Inferences
They allow us to understand implicit information by relying on clues from the text.
Cohesion and Coherence
Cohesion: connection between words and sentences.
Coherence: the logic and meaning of ideas.
Cohesion Mechanisms
Resources that connect parts of the text:
pronouns
synonyms
repetition of words
connectors
Discourse Connectors
Words that link ideas.
Examples:
addition: and, furthermore
cause: because, due to
consequence: therefore, so
opposition: but, however
Intratextual Relations
These are connections between different parts of the text, ensuring continuity and understanding.
Text Types and Genres
Expository Text
Explains a topic clearly and objectively, presenting information and concepts.
Scientific Dissemination Text
Presents scientific knowledge in an accessible way for the general public.
Argumentative Text
Defends an opinion or thesis, using arguments to convince the reader.
Opinion Article
A text in which the author expresses their opinion about a current topic.
Critical Review
Evaluation of a work (book, film, performance), presenting a summary and a reasoned opinion.
Commentary
A short text in which an event or topic is analyzed or commented on.
Narrative Text
Tells a story with characters, time, setting, and events.
Descriptive Text
Presents characteristics of people, objects, places, or situations, creating a mental image.
Text Types and Genres
Biography and Autobiography
Biography: the story of a person’s life written by someone else.
Autobiography: the story written by the person themselves.
Diary
A personal record of daily events, feelings, or reflections.
Memoirs
Accounts of important past experiences in someone’s life.
Report
A journalistic text that investigates and presents a topic with details and testimonies.
Advertising Text
Its objective is to persuade the public to buy a product or support an idea.
Cover Letter
A formal text used to introduce a person and their skills, usually for a job or application.
Test yourself in these challenges 👇
HOME