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@Deyse SJ de Assis - Lisboa, Portugal

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Portuguese EN 9th grade: Interjection, Determiner, and Quantifier

Interjeição

Word or expression that conveys emotions, reactions, or the speaker’s state.

Ex.: ah!, oh!, ai!, uau!, bravo!

Emotional states:

- surprise, admiration, joy, pain ( (ah!, oh!)

- pain, surprise (ai!, ui!)

- desire (oh!, oxalá!)

- encouragement, enthusiasm (eia!, vamos!)

- calling, invocation(ó!, psiu!, psch!)

-request for silenc (psiu!, psch!, silêncio)

- impatience (apre!, irra!, hem!)

- interruption, interrupção (alto!, basta!)

- applause (bravo!, viva!)

- fear, terror (ui!, jesus!, abrenúncio!)

✔ Often used with ! and are independent in the sentence.

Determinante

Word that accompanies a noun and defines or limits its meaning.

Types:

Artigos: definidos (o, a) e indefinidos (um, uma)

Demonstrativos: indicate position (este, esse, aquele)

Possessivos:indicate possession (meu, teu, nosso)

Indefinidos: vague quantity (algum, nenhum, certo)

Interrogativos: used in questions (que, qual)

Relativos: link clauses (cujo, cujo/a/os/as)

Quantificador

Indicates quantity or number of the noun.

Types:

Numeral: exact quantity (um, dois, três)

Universal: totality (todo, todos)

Existencial: indefinite quantity (alguns, muitos, poucos)

✔ Tip:

Determinante always comes with the noun (o livro).

Quantificador indicates how much (muitos livros).

Interjeição expresses emotion and stands alone.

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Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.
- Formas tónicas: used alone or for emphasis (mim, ti, ele, nós).
- Formas átonas: used attached to the verb (me, te, se, o, a, nos, vos).
Pronome pessoal em adjacência verbal
- Ênclise: after the verb (amar-me-ás).
- Próclise: before the verb (me amarás).
- Mesóclise: in the middle of the verb, used with future tense (amar-me-ás).
Contração de pronomes pessoais
Personal pronouns (pronomes pessoais) can combine with direct (direto) and indirect (indireto) objects into a single form.
me + o = mo / nos + o = no=lo / vos + o = vo-lo
te + o = to / lhe + o = lho / lhes + o = lho
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Pronome pessoal “se”
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- se reflexo: complemento direto (Ela penteia-se)
- se recíproco: complemento indireto (Eles abraçam-se)
- se impessoal: sujeito indeterminado (Diz-se que está a ficar cego)
- se passivo: partícula apassivante (Vendem-se maçãs.)
Pronome demonstrativo
Indicates position or reference: este, essa, aquele, isto, isso, aquilo.
Pronome possessivo
Indicates possession: meu, teu, seu, nossa, vossos.
Pronome indefinido
Indicates vague quantity or identity: alguém, ninguém, tudo, algum, certo.
Pronome relativo
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Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.
Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
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