≡Classics of Portuguese Literature
Portuguese literature is rich in works that reflect the historical, cultural and social transformations of Portugal. One of the greatest icons of this tradition is Luís de Camões, whose work Os Lusíadas became a landmark in world literature. The epic celebrates Portugal's maritime conquests and great voyages, and is a symbol of national identity.
In the 19th century, Portuguese Romanticism found Almeida Garrett as one of its leading figures. Works such as Frei Luis de Sousa helped shape Romantic theater and explore psychological and social drama. Social criticism also gained prominence with Eça de Queirós, who in Os Maias offered a detailed view of 19th-century Portuguese society, addressing themes such as the decline of the nobility and social contradictions.
Also in the 19th century, José de Alencar, with novels such as Iracema, created a literature that exalted Brazil and, consequently, also had a great impact in Portugal.
In the 20th century, Portuguese Modernism was represented by Fernando Pessoa, whose multifaceted work, through his heteronyms, delved into philosophical and existential questions, consolidating his position as one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. These works and authors continue to influence generations, being fundamental to understanding the literary and cultural formation of Portugal.
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