Brazilian Literature and Its Classics
Brazilian literature has undergone several transformations over the centuries, reflecting the country's political, social and cultural changes. In Brazilian Romanticism, authors such as José de Alencar in Iracema sought not only to build national identity, but also to celebrate Brazil's landscapes and culture. Their works presented an idealized, natural and primitive "Brazil", marked by the figure of the Indian and the feeling of a nation in formation.
Realism and Naturalism, which gained strength in the 19th century, brought a more critical and observant approach to social conditions. Machado de Assis, with his works such as Dom Casmurro, and Raul Pompeia, with O Ateneu, explored the internal conflicts of the characters, exposing the inequalities and ills of Brazilian society, such as hypocrisy, corruption and the difficulties of the emerging middle class.
In the 20th century, authors such as Clarice Lispector and João Guimarães Rosa left their mark on Brazilian literature with their introspective and complex narratives, typical of Modernism. Lispector, with A Hora da Estrela, and Rosa, with Grande Sertão: Veredas, delved into human subjectivity, exploring the psychology and internal tensions of the characters, transforming Brazilian literature into a field of reflection on identity, existence and emotions.
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