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@Deyse SJ de Assis - Lisboa, Portugal

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Limits and Cautions in AI Learning

Overfitting explained:

Models can memorize data instead of learning general patterns.

Example: a model trained only on one year’s data fails to predict trends in another year.

Bad data produces bad AI:

Biased data leads to biased decisions.

Example: hiring algorithms based on discriminatory historical data.

Practical examples:

Hybrid and data-driven AI: recommendations and searches.

Example: Google Search, Netflix, Amazon.

Limits of machine learning:

Narrow AI performs only specific tasks and does not understand cultural context or irony.

Example: automatic translators misinterpret idiomatic expressions.

Why AI doesn’t learn like humans:

It learns statistical patterns, not meaning or context. Example: automatic translators understand words, but not complex idiomatic expressions.

Did you know?

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Those who liked Limits and Cautions in AI Learning, also liked to explore The Universe of AI

Explore more about What “learning” means for a machine:
Data-driven AI adjusts internal parameters to predict outcomes.
Example: Google Maps learns traffic patterns to forecast congestion.
Data as the basis for learning:
Models are fed examples to recognize patterns.
Example: Spotify analyzes playlists to recommend songs.
Training vs real-world use:
Supervised AI learns patterns before being used in real situations.
Example: Bank fraud detection models trained with transaction history.
Types of learning:
Supervised: receives correct answers to learn (e.g., classifying emails as “spam” or “not spam”).
Unsupervised: detects patterns without labels (e.g., clustering customers for marketing).
Reinforcement: learns through trial and error (e.g., AlphaGo learning Go strategies).
Errors and adjustments (feedback):
AI improves accuracy based on previous results.
Example: Netflix adjusts recommendations after user ratings...

What “learning” means for a machine:
Data-driven AI adjusts internal parameters to predict outcomes.
Example: Google Maps learns traffic patterns to forecast congestion.
Data as the basis for learning:
Models are fed examples to recognize patterns. Example: Spotify analyzes playlists to recommend songs.
Training vs real-world use:
Supervised AI learns ..know more

A smartphone or "smart phone" ... Technology

Explore more about A smartphone or "smart phone" is a mobile phone that combines features of a personal computer with advanced functionality that can be extended through application programs run by its operating system. The first smartphone was released in 1994 by IBM and was named SIMON. It wasn

A smartphone or "smart phone" is a mobile phone that combines features of a personal computer with advanced functionality that can be extended through application programs run by its operating system. The first smartphone was released in 1994 by IBM and was named SIMON. It wasn't as smart as today's, but it already had: time zone, agenda, calendar, email, and world time, in addition to a 1MG memory ..know more

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Those who liked Limits and Cautions in AI Learning, also liked to explore Brazilian Movies

Explore more about The Secret Agent follows Marcelo, a university professor and technology specialist who returns to his hometown. His return draws the attention of forces connected to political and economic power, placing him under constant surveillance. Faced with growing threats, he struggles to protect his son, preserve emotional bonds, and survive in an environment dominated by fear and silence.
Main Themes
Authoritarianism and repression
Surveillance and control
Collective memory
Political trauma
Resistance and solidarity
Narrative
The story unfolds in urban spaces marked by memory and tension. Marcelo finds support among marginalized and dissident characters, forming a silent network of protection and resistance.
Style and Atmosphere
Dark and claustrophobic cinematography
Detailed production design
A constant sense of suspense and paranoia
Importance
More than a period piece, The Secret Agent is a timeless work that reflects on the effects of political violence, the fragility of freedom, and the need to preserve memory under oppressive regimes...

The Secret Agent follows Marcelo, a university professor and technology specialist who returns to his hometown. His return draws the attention of forces connected to political and economic power, placing him under constant surveillance. Faced with growing threats, he struggles to protect his son, preserve emotional bonds, and survive in an environment dominated by fear and silence.
Main Themes
Authoritarianism ..know more

The custom of saying “cheers” ... Diversity

Explore more about The custom of saying “cheers” while clinking glasses and drinks is an ancient tradition that blends history, superstition, and social symbolism. This gesture is common at celebrations such as weddings, birthdays, and important achievements.
Origin of clinking glasses
The habit originated in medieval Europe, when people believed that the sound of glasses helped to:
Ward off evil spirits
Demonstrate trust among participants
Prevent poisoning, since the liquid could slightly mix
Meaning of the sound of glasses
The sound of the toast plays a symbolic role:
Marks the beginning of the celebration
Represents unity and harmony
Replaces ancient religious or protective rituals
Why do we toast while looking into each other’s eyes?
In many cultures, a proper toast involves:
Looking into the other person’s eyes
Not crossing arms or glasses
This symbolizes respect, sincerity, and good intentions.
“Cheers” in modern times
Today, clinking glasses is mainly a gesture of:
Celebration
Friendship
Social connection
Even without its original meaning, the custom remains as a cultural ritual passed down through generations...

The custom of saying “cheers” while clinking glasses and drinks is an ancient tradition that blends history, superstition, and social symbolism. This gesture is common at celebrations such as weddings, birthdays, and important achievements.
Origin of clinking glasses
The habit originated in medieval Europe, when people believed that the sound of glasses helped to:
Ward off evil ..know more

The beaches of Rio de Janeiro ... Rio de Janeiro

Explore more about The beaches of Rio de Janeiro are world-famous for their beauty, white sand, and vibrant sea. Among the attractions, swimming and water sports are very popular, but it is essential to understand the risks of rip currents.
What is a rip current and how it forms
A rip current is a strong movement of water that occurs when powerful waves from the open ocean meet the coast. This creates fast currents, high waves, and intense water movement, which can pull swimmers out to sea. Rip currents are more common on days with strong winds or ocean storms.
How to avoid accidents in rip currents
Observe the beach flag: red indicates danger.
Avoid swimming alone or in areas without lifeguards.
Stay close to the shoreline if swimming is not safe.
Pay attention to lifeguard instructions and signage.
What to do if caught in a rip current
Do not swim against the current: it is much stronger than human effort.
Swim parallel to the shore until out of the current.
Raise your arms and call for help while staying calm.
If you get tired, float on your back until you regain strength...

The beaches of Rio de Janeiro are world-famous for their beauty, white sand, and vibrant sea. Among the attractions, swimming and water sports are very popular, but it is essential to understand the risks of rip currents.
What is a rip current and how it forms
A rip current is a strong movement of water that occurs when powerful waves from the open ocean meet the coast. This creates ..know more

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Explore more about The Pico Paraná, at 1,877 meters, is the highest point in southern Brazil and is located in the Serra do Mar, between the municipalities of Antonina and Campina Grande do Sul, in Paraná. Its geological formation dates back to the Precambrian period, millions of years ago, when tectonic uplift and erosion processes formed its igneous and granitic rocks. The name “Paraná” comes from the Tupi language and means “similar to a sea”, referencing the wide rivers and the vast vegetation surrounding the region.
Why the trail can be dangerous
Rugged terrain: loose rocks and steep sections increase the risk of slipping.
Rapid weather changes: fog, rain, or strong winds can make the climb difficult.
Lack of physical preparation: the long route requires endurance and good physical condition.
Limited signage: without a guide or an updated map, it’s easy to get lost.
How to prevent accidents:
Hire an experienced guide: safety and knowledge of the terrain.
Use proper equipment: trekking boots, poles, and waterproof clothing.
Plan your ascent: bring water, food, and a first aid kit.
Check the weather forecast: avoid climbs in rain or fog.
Respect your limits: taking breaks helps prevent fatigue and accidents...

The Pico Paraná, at 1,877 meters, is the highest point in southern Brazil and is located in the Serra do Mar, between the municipalities of Antonina and Campina Grande do Sul, in Paraná. Its geological formation dates back to the Precambrian period, millions of years ago, when tectonic uplift and erosion processes formed its igneous and granitic rocks. The name “Paraná” comes from the Tupi language ..know more

Salting is an ancient techniqu... Brazilian Gastronomy

Explore more about Salting is an ancient technique used to preserve meat and fish before refrigeration. Salt reduces the moisture in food, preventing the growth of bacteria.
How it works:
Salt acts through osmosis, drawing water out of the food’s tissues and creating an environment that is hostile to microorganisms.
Historical origin:
Used by Egyptians, Romans, and Asian civilizations, salting was essential for long journeys, wars, and times of scarcity. Salt was once so valuable that it was comparable to gold.
Famous examples:
Salted cod (Portugal)
Charque and dried beef (Brazil)
Salted anchovies (Italy)
Traditional recipe – Simple dried beef
Ingredients:
1 kg beef (round or similar cut)
Coarse salt
Preparation method:
Cut the meat into thick strips and completely cover with coarse salt. Place in a container, cover, and let rest for 24 hours in the refrigerator.
Drain the liquid and hang or place in a well-ventilated area for 2 to 3 days to dry.
Before consuming, soak in water for a few hours to remove excess salt...

Salting is an ancient technique used to preserve meat and fish before refrigeration. Salt reduces the moisture in food, preventing the growth of bacteria.
How it works:
Salt acts through osmosis, drawing water out of the food’s tissues and creating an environment that is hostile to microorganisms.
Historical origin:
Used by Egyptians, Romans, and Asian civilizations, ..know more

The fish escabeche is an ancie... Portuguese Gastronomy

Explore more about The fish escabeche is an ancient dish, known for its bold flavor and excellent food preservation. Very popular in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil, it has crossed centuries and cultures.
History and Origin
The word escabeche comes from the Arabic al-sikbaj, a method of preserving meat and fish using vinegar and spices. This technique spread across the Iberian Peninsula during the Arab occupation and was later brought to the Americas by Portuguese and Spanish colonizers.
Before refrigeration, escabeche was essential for preserving fish for longer periods while maintaining flavor and food safety.
Escabeche in Brazil
In Brazil, escabeche gained regional adaptations and is commonly made with sardines, hake, or mackerel. It is usually served cold or at room temperature, making it ideal for hot days.
Traditional Fish Escabeche Recipe
Ingredients:
1 kg fish steaks
2 onions, sliced
3 cloves of garlic
1/2 cup vinegar
1/2 cup olive oil
1 sliced tomato
Salt, pepper, and bay leaf to taste
Preparation method:
Season the fish with salt and pepper, lightly fry, and set aside. Sauté the onions, garlic, and tomato in olive oil, add the vinegar and bay leaf. Assemble in layers with the fish and let it rest. Serve after cooling...

The fish escabeche is an ancient dish, known for its bold flavor and excellent food preservation. Very popular in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil, it has crossed centuries and cultures.
History and Origin
The word escabeche comes from the Arabic al-sikbaj, a method of preserving meat and fish using vinegar and spices. This technique spread across the Iberian Peninsula during the Arab occupation ..know more

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The United States’ interest in Venezuela is longstanding and linked to strategic, economic, and geopolitical factors that remain relevant over time.
Oil and natural resources
Venezuela holds one of the largest oil reserves in the world. Historically, the U.S. has sought to secure reliable access to strategic energy sources, reducing the risks of external dependence.
Regional stability and security
Political and economic instability in Venezuela affects all of Latin America, generating migration crises and regional tensions. For the U.S., stability in the Western Hemisphere is essential to its own security.
Geopolitical influence
Venezuela’s ties with countries such as Russia, China, and Iran draw U.S. attention, as Washington traditionally aims to limit the influence of rival powers in the region.
Democracy and human rights
U.S. discourse emphasizes the defense of democracy, free elections, and human rights, frequently citing Venezuela’s political situation as a source of concern.
Economy and trade
Before the crisis, Venezuela was a relevant trading partner. A stable environment could reopen opportunities for economic cooperation and investment...

United States’ Interest in Venezuela: Understanding the Reasons
The United States’ interest in Venezuela is longstanding and linked to strategic, economic, and geopolitical factors that remain relevant over time.
Oil and natural resources
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Saint Basil the Great(330–379)
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Among the most emblematic dishes is rabbit stewed with carqueja, an aromatic herb ..know more

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