The Main Source of Energy for Life
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that are essential for living organisms, playing fundamental roles in energy production and cellular structure. They are classified into three main groups: monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, which are simple and rapidly absorbed sugars; disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, which are composed of two monosaccharides joined together; and polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, which function as energy reserves in plants and animals.
In addition to providing energy, carbohydrates also have a structural function. Cellulose, present in the cell wall of plants, ensures rigidity and support, while chitin strengthens the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.
In human health, a balanced intake of carbohydrates is crucial, as excess can lead to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Studies are advancing the understanding of these biomolecules and their impact on nutrition and biotechnology.
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