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History of Marcelo Guedes - Roraima, Brasil

The Crusades: Religion and Conquest

Between 1096 and 1291, the Crusades were a series of Christian military expeditions launched with the aim of retaking the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Muslim rule. Under the leadership of the Catholic Church, European Christians marched towards the Middle East, motivated by a strong religious appeal as well as territorial and economic interests.
The Crusades had a profound impact on relations between Christians, Muslims and Jews. Although the initial goal was to recapture Jerusalem, the conflicts also resulted in massacres of Jews and tensions between the religions. However, the expeditions also promoted cultural exchange, with contact between the Christian West and the Muslim East bringing advances in areas such as science, mathematics, philosophy and art, as well as stimulating trade.
In addition, the Crusades altered the power dynamics in Europe, weakening the feudal nobility and expanding the influence of the monarch and the Church. The impact of the Crusades was also felt in relations between European powers, promoting the beginning of medieval globalization and expanding trade routes between the West and the East.
The Crusades, although with mixed results, were one of the greatest historical events of the Middle Ages, with lasting repercussions on many aspects of medieval society.
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Explore more about Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula and is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. Its civilization emerged from the 8th century BC, having its roots in mainland Greece, the islands of the Aegean Sea and the coasts of Asia Minor. It later expanded to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, establishing colonies that contributed to economic and cultural links...

Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula and is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. Its civilization emerged from the 8th century BC, having its roots in mainland Greece, the islands of the Aegean Sea and the coasts of Asia Minor. It later expanded to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, establishing colonies that contributed to economic and cultural links. ..know more

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Explore more about The Fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD is one of the most significant milestones in history, representing the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Empire, which once controlled vast areas of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, declined due to a combination of factors that weakened its structure.
Internally, the empire faced political instability, with frequent changes of emperors and widespread administrative corruption. Government inefficiency and growing social inequality also contributed to its collapse. In addition, difficulties in maintaining the borders and military pressure further weakened the Roman structure. Externally, barbarian invaders such as the Visigoths, Vandals and Ostrogoths repeatedly attacked the Roman borders. The sack of Rome by Alaric in 410 AD and the invasion of the Vandals in 455 AD were decisive events, culminating in the deposition of the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, by Odoacer in 476 AD.
After its fall, the Western Roman Empire was fragmented, giving rise to barbarian kingdoms such as the Franks and Visigoths. Although the period has been called the Dark Ages, it was also an era of important transformations. With its capital in Constantinople, it survived until 1453, profoundly changing the politics and social organization of the Western world...

The Fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD is one of the most significant milestones in history, representing the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Empire, which once controlled vast areas of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, declined due to a combination of factors that weakened its structure.
Internally, the empire faced political instability, with frequent changes ..know more

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Explore more about The first civilizations contributed to several areas of knowledge: • Astronomy: The Egyptians developed a solar calendar based on the observation of the stars. • Chemistry: The Phoenicians invented the color purple using dyes to dye fabrics. • Mathematics: Sumerians and Egyptians advanced in geometry and algebra, applied in engineering and architecture, such as measuring land and constructing buildings. The Egyptians built large temples dedicated to the gods, tombs and palaces for the Pharaoh and royal family.#NL # Egyptian architecture is characterized by the monumentality, durability and grandeur of its constructions. The vast majority of temples were large, with huge facades, grand columns and large rooms. The most imposing are located in Luxor, Karnak and Abu Simbel...

The first civilizations contributed to several areas of knowledge:
• Astronomy: The Egyptians developed a solar calendar based on the observation of the stars.
• Chemistry: The Phoenicians invented the color purple using dyes to dye fabrics.
• Mathematics: Sumerians and Egyptians advanced in geometry and algebra, applied in engineering and architecture, such as measuring land and constructing ..know more

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Explore more about In Australia, a unique tradition has been gaining momentum during the Easter celebrations: the Easter Bilby. Unlike other countries, where the rabbit is the main symbol of the holiday, Australians have adopted the bilby, a native marsupial, as the "carrier" of Easter eggs. The choice of the bilby is directly linked to the negative impact of rabbits on the Australian fauna. Considered a pest, rabbits have invaded vast areas of the territory, damaging local vegetation and threatening native species, such as the bilby, which is at risk of extinction. The campaign to replace the rabbit with this marsupial began in the 1990s, as a way to raise awareness among the population about the preservation of native fauna and the importance of protecting the bilby. Today, the Easter bilby is a symbol of resilience and environmental conservation, and its image is widely used on chocolates, toys and other Easter decorations. In addition, several Australian organisations use the holiday to raise funds for conservation programmes, promoting the bilby as an icon of local nature. In many cities, Easter is marked by events celebrating biodiversity, with children taking part in egg hunts and learning about the importance of protecting native animals. ..

In Australia, a unique tradition has been gaining momentum during the Easter celebrations: the Easter Bilby. Unlike other countries, where the rabbit is the main symbol of the holiday, Australians have adopted the bilby, a native marsupial, as the "carrier" of Easter eggs. The choice of the bilby is directly linked to the negative impact of rabbits on the Australian fauna. Considered a pest, ..know more

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Explore more about In India, Easter celebrations are particularly prominent in the regions of Goa and Kerala, where Christians follow vibrant and devout religious traditions. In Goa, a former Portuguese colony, the festivities begin with the Maundy Thursday Mass and continue until Easter Sunday, with processions and liturgical celebrations. Goa

In India, Easter celebrations are particularly prominent in the regions of Goa and Kerala, where Christians follow vibrant and devout religious traditions. In Goa, a former Portuguese colony, the festivities begin with the Maundy Thursday Mass and continue until Easter Sunday, with processions and liturgical celebrations. Goa's churches, many of which are built in the Baroque style, attract thousands ..know more

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Explore more about In Japan, Easter is largely celebrated commercially, with a focus on themed products such as chocolates and sweets rather than religious traditions. Although Easter is not an official holiday in the country, stores and supermarkets prepare for the occasion by offering a variety of special products such as chocolate eggs, stuffed bunnies and colorful decorations. These items are popular with families, especially in the run-up to the holiday. Although the majority of the Japanese population does not follow Christian traditions, Easter has gained traction in recent years as an opportunity for businesses to promote seasonal sales. Many Japanese take advantage of the occasion to buy chocolates to share with friends and family, similar to the celebration of Valentine

In Japan, Easter is largely celebrated commercially, with a focus on themed products such as chocolates and sweets rather than religious traditions. Although Easter is not an official holiday in the country, stores and supermarkets prepare for the occasion by offering a variety of special products such as chocolate eggs, stuffed bunnies and colorful decorations. These items are popular with families, ..know more

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Explore more about In Ethiopia, Orthodox Easter, known as Fasika, is celebrated with great fervor and involves rigorous spiritual preparation. The main feature of this celebration is the 55-day fast, which begins at the beginning of Ethiopian Lent and continues until Easter Day. During this period, the faithful observe strict dietary restrictions, consuming only plant-based foods, without meat or meat products, as part of a practice of purification and spiritual reflection. The 55-day fast, which is one of the longest practices among Christian traditions, culminates on Easter Eve with a grand celebration. The night before Fasika is marked by a special ceremony in the church, where the faithful participate in prayers and singing. At dawn on Easter Day, the community gathers for the Resurrection Mass, which is accompanied by a great feast, in which Ethiopians break their fast with foods such as lamb, which symbolizes the sacrifice of Christ. In addition to fasting, Fasika in Ethiopia is full of liturgical and cultural rituals. The celebration is also a time for family and community gatherings, with traditional dances, music and festivities that involve the entire country...

In Ethiopia, Orthodox Easter, known as Fasika, is celebrated with great fervor and involves rigorous spiritual preparation. The main feature of this celebration is the 55-day fast, which begins at the beginning of Ethiopian Lent and continues until Easter Day. During this period, the faithful observe strict dietary restrictions, consuming only plant-based foods, without meat or meat products, as part ..know more

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Explore more about In the Philippines, Easter is celebrated in an intense and unique way, with some traditions that draw attention to the extreme devotion of the participants. In several regions of the country, especially in San Fernando, the famous Passion Play takes place, where devotees reenact the final moments of Jesus

In the Philippines, Easter is celebrated in an intense and unique way, with some traditions that draw attention to the extreme devotion of the participants. In several regions of the country, especially in San Fernando, the famous Passion Play takes place, where devotees reenact the final moments of Jesus' life with scenes of crucifixion, self-flagellation and other acts of penance.
These practices ..know more

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Explore more about In New Zealand, Easter is a joyful occasion, bringing families and communities together for outdoor festivals and traditional Easter egg hunts. Although the country has a significant Christian population, the holiday is largely enjoyed as a time for leisure and socializing. Many towns and cities host community events, where children can hunt for chocolate eggs in parks and gardens, with the excitement of finding the hidden eggs being one of the most anticipated attractions. In addition, Easter in New Zealand is marked by local festivals that combine cultural and religious elements, such as church services and services, and outdoor recreational activities. Many of these festivals include games, musical performances and food stalls, promoting an atmosphere of family togetherness and fun. In some regions, there are even egg painting competitions, a tradition that goes back generations. Although Easter is a religious celebration for some, it is generally a time for relaxation and relaxation in New Zealand. Schools often have an extended holiday, allowing families to enjoy time together at festivals and outings...

In New Zealand, Easter is a joyful occasion, bringing families and communities together for outdoor festivals and traditional Easter egg hunts. Although the country has a significant Christian population, the holiday is largely enjoyed as a time for leisure and socializing. Many towns and cities host community events, where children can hunt for chocolate eggs in parks and gardens, with the excitement ..know more

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Explore more about In Egypt, Easter is followed by a unique and culturally significant celebration: Sham El-Nessim. This festival, which dates back to the time of the pharaohs, is celebrated on the Monday after the Christian Easter and marks the beginning of spring in the country. Although it has pagan origins, Sham El-Nessim is widely celebrated by Egyptians of all religions and is considered a national event of great importance. The tradition of Sham El-Nessim dates back more than 4,000 years, dating back to the time of the pharaohs, when the arrival of spring was celebrated with rituals to celebrate the renewal of nature. The name "Sham El-Nessim" means "the breath of the breeze", referring to the fresh air of the season. During the festival, families often gather for picnics outdoors, especially on the banks of the Nile River, enjoying the mild climate and beautiful scenery. Among the customs of Sham El-Nessim, the consumption of typical foods such as salted fish called feseekh, fresh vegetables and colored eggs stands out, symbolizing the renewal of life. In addition, many people wear colorful clothes and participate in folk dances and music. Sham El-Nessim remains a celebration of great importance in Egypt, uniting the population in a joyful and symbolic festivity...

In Egypt, Easter is followed by a unique and culturally significant celebration: Sham El-Nessim. This festival, which dates back to the time of the pharaohs, is celebrated on the Monday after the Christian Easter and marks the beginning of spring in the country. Although it has pagan origins, Sham El-Nessim is widely celebrated by Egyptians of all religions and is considered a national event of great ..know more

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Explore more about Easter is rich in symbolism that transcends religious and cultural boundaries, representing renewal, life and fertility. One of the main symbols of this celebration is the egg, widely recognized as an emblem of renewal and new life. The egg, with its shell that protects and shelters the life within, is seen as a powerful symbol of rebirth, especially during the spring when nature is renewed. The tradition of exchanging decorated eggs dates back to ancient practices and was incorporated into the Christian festivities of Easter, symbolizing the empty tomb of Christ and the miracle of his resurrection. However, its origins are even older, with pagan cultures linking the egg to fertility and the rebirth of the earth. Another symbol widely associated with Easter is the rabbit, or hare, an animal that, especially in pagan traditions, represents fertility. The choice of the rabbit as the symbol of Easter reflects this link with prosperity and the multiplication of life. Its association with Easter became established in Europe, especially in Germany, in the 17th century, and the rabbit became the bearer of Easter eggs, a custom that spread to other parts of the world...

Easter is rich in symbolism that transcends religious and cultural boundaries, representing renewal, life and fertility. One of the main symbols of this celebration is the egg, widely recognized as an emblem of renewal and new life. The egg, with its shell that protects and shelters the life within, is seen as a powerful symbol of rebirth, especially during the spring when nature is renewed.
The ..know more

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Explore more about In South Africa, Easter is an important celebration, marked by a combination of religious events and community festivities that reflect the country

In South Africa, Easter is an important celebration, marked by a combination of religious events and community festivities that reflect the country's cultural diversity. For Christians, the holiday has deep meaning, with religious celebrations in churches and cathedrals, where the faithful participate in special masses, prayers and reenactments of the Passion of Christ. Churches welcome crowds seeking ..know more

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Explore more about Easter, a central celebration of Christianity, not only marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, but also has a profound influence on other religious festivals in the Christian calendar, such as Pentecost and the Ascension of Christ. Following the celebration of Christ

Easter, a central celebration of Christianity, not only marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, but also has a profound influence on other religious festivals in the Christian calendar, such as Pentecost and the Ascension of Christ.
Following the celebration of Christ's resurrection, Pentecost occurs fifty days after Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, a pivotal ..know more

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