≡The First Vertebrates to Dominate the Oceans
Fish were one of the oldest groups among vertebrate animals, they are the true pioneers of life with a spinal column. These fascinating inhabitants of aquatic environments represent an enormous diversity of shapes, sizes and ways of life, playing fundamental roles in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Distinctive Characteristics
Fish have hydrodynamic bodies, covered in scales, and use their gills to breathe underwater. Its fin system allows efficient movement, while the swim bladder, present in many species, helps control buoyancy.
Divided into two large groups:
Cartilaginous fish: such as sharks and rays, with skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.
Bony fish: such as sardines, salmon and tilapia, which have calcified bone skeletons.
Ecological and Economic Importance
These vertebrates are essential for the balance of aquatic ecosystems. They control populations of other species, contribute to nutrient cycling, and serve as a food source for marine animals and humans. Furthermore, fish are one of the main sources of protein for billions of people in the world, driving fishing and aquaculture industries.
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