Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are essential biomolecules that store and transmit the genetic information of living beings. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the instructions for the formation and functioning of cells, and is responsible for heredity. RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, translating the genetic code into functional molecules.
The process begins with transcription, where DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA). This is followed by translation, in which ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA) organize amino acids to form proteins, which are essential for cellular functions.
In addition to protein synthesis, nucleic acids regulate gene expression, controlling which genes are activated or silenced. Advanced research in biotechnology and gene therapy explores these biomolecules to treat inherited diseases and develop new medical therapies, reinforcing their fundamental role in science and medicine.
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