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@Deyse SJ de Assis - Lisboa, Portugal

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Portuguese EN 9th grade >>

Text Types and Genres

Biography and Autobiography

Biography: the story of a person’s life written by someone else.

Autobiography: the story written by the person themselves.

Diary

A personal record of daily events, feelings, or reflections.

Memoirs

Accounts of important past experiences in someone’s life.

Report

A journalistic text that investigates and presents a topic with details and testimonies.

Advertising Text

Its objective is to persuade the public to buy a product or support an idea.

Cover Letter

A formal text used to introduce a person and their skills, usually for a job or application.

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Those who liked Text Types and Genres, also liked to explore PORTUGUESE EN 9TH GRADE

Explore more about Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.
Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.
- Formas tónicas: used alone or for emphasis (mim, ti, ele, nós).
- Formas átonas: used attached to the verb (me, te, se, o, a, nos, vos).
Pronome pessoal em adjacência verbal
- Ênclise: after the verb (amar-me-ás).
- Próclise: before the verb (me amarás).
- Mesóclise: in the middle of the verb, used with future tense (amar-me-ás).
Contração de pronomes pessoais
Personal pronouns (pronomes pessoais) can combine with direct (direto) and indirect (indireto) objects into a single form.
me + o = mo / nos + o = no=lo / vos + o = vo-lo
te + o = to / lhe + o = lho / lhes + o = lho
Ex.: Dei um telemóvel à minha irmã.
complemento direto + complemento indireto
Dei-o à minha irmã
Dei-lhe um telemóvel
Dei-lho
Pronome pessoal “se”
It can perform different syntactic functions or refer to certain phrasal structures.
- se reflexo: complemento direto (Ela penteia-se)
- se recíproco: complemento indireto (Eles abraçam-se)
- se impessoal: sujeito indeterminado (Diz-se que está a ficar cego)
- se passivo: partícula apassivante (Vendem-se maçãs.)
Pronome demonstrativo
Indicates position or reference: este, essa, aquele, isto, isso, aquilo.
Pronome possessivo
Indicates possession: meu, teu, seu, nossa, vossos.
Pronome indefinido
Indicates vague quantity or identity: alguém, ninguém, tudo, algum, certo.
Pronome relativo
Links clauses and refers back to a previous term: que, quem, cujo, onde...

Word that replaces or accompanies a noun, avoiding repetition and indicating person, possession, quantity, or relation.
Ex.: ele, aquele, meu, ninguém.
Subclasses de pronomes
Pronome pessoal
Refers to the persons in speech: 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª pessoa.
- Formas tónicas: used alone or for emphasis (mim, ti, ele, nós).
- Formas átonas: used attached to the verb (me,..know more

December 15th Zamenhof day, in - About PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE

Explore more about December 15th Zamenhof day, in honor of Ludwig Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto born in 1859. Ludwig Zamenhof was a Polish doctor and linguist, born in a multicultural region of Poland, where various ethnicities and languages coexisted, but also often conflicted. Noting linguistic and cultural barriers, Zamenhof envisioned a neutral, easy-to-learn language that could serve as a universal second language, promoting peace and facilitating global communication. In 1887, he launched the first Esperanto grammar, which quickly gained followers and spread across Europe and other continents. Esperanto is a planned language, with a regular grammatical structure and vocabulary inspired by several European languages. He believed that by adopting a common, neutral language, people could overcome cultural differences and come together...

December 15th Zamenhof day, in honor of Ludwig Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto born in 1859. Ludwig Zamenhof was a Polish doctor and linguist, born in a multicultural region of Poland, where various ethnicities and languages coexisted, but also often conflicted. Noting linguistic and cultural barriers, Zamenhof envisioned a neutral, easy-to-learn language that could serve as a universal..know more

The Rubik's Cube, created by H - About MATH

The Rubik's Cube, created by Hungarian architect and architecture professor Ernő Rubik in 1974, has become one of the world's most popular puzzles and a true cultural icon. Originally invented by Rubik as a teaching tool to teach his students about geometry and spatial transformations, it quickly became a worldwide challenge.
The 3x3x3 cube, the best-known version, has around 43 quintillion possible..know more

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Those who liked Text Types and Genres, also liked to explore SECRETS OF LOVE

Explore more about Love is not just a feeling; it has a chemical basis in the brain. The most famous hormone associated with love is oxytocin, often called the “love hormone.” It is released during closeness, hugging, affection, and intimacy, strengthening emotional bonds and creating feelings of trust and attachment.
But how long does it take for the brain to fall in love? Studies show that intense attraction can begin in just a few minutes, with immediate physical and emotional responses, while deep, lasting attachment develops over weeks or months, as oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin interact.
Speaking of dopamine, love activates the same areas of the brain as substances like cocaine and other stimulants. This explains why being in love creates euphoria, energy, and intense focus on the loved one, similar to the chemical effects of dopamine-releasing drugs — proving that passion is literally pure chemistry.
In short, love combines hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain reactions that make the emotional experience tangible and measurable, showing how deeply our hearts and brains are connected when it comes to passion and bonding...

Love is not just a feeling; it has a chemical basis in the brain. The most famous hormone associated with love is oxytocin, often called the “love hormone.” It is released during closeness, hugging, affection, and intimacy, strengthening emotional bonds and creating feelings of trust and attachment.
But how long does it take for the brain to fall in love? Studies show that intense attraction can..know more

Who was Stanislav Petrov? Stan - About CONTEMPORARY AGE

Explore more about Who was Stanislav Petrov?
Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov was an officer in the Soviet Air Force, born in 1939 in the former Soviet Union. He was neither a politician nor a high-ranking military leader. He was an engineer trained to analyze nuclear early-warning systems, an ordinary man within an extremely dangerous Cold War machine.
What was his real position?
Petrov was not a general. In 1983, he held the rank of lieutenant colonel and was on duty at a satellite monitoring center. His role was to interpret data and report possible nuclear attacks, not to make global strategic decisions.
Why do people say he saved the world?
In the early hours of September 26, 1983, the Soviet system indicated that U.S. nuclear missiles were on their way. Instead of automatically following protocol, Petrov questioned the alert and classified the event as a system error. This decision prevented a possible nuclear retaliation and, consequently, a global war.
Was he a hero?
Technically, yes — but officially, no. Petrov prevented a catastrophe but was not recognized, since acknowledging his correctness would have meant exposing serious flaws in the Soviet defense system.
What happened to him afterward?
After leaving the military, Petrov lived anonymously, facing difficulties and without public recognition...

Who was Stanislav Petrov?
Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov was an officer in the Soviet Air Force, born in 1939 in the former Soviet Union. He was neither a politician nor a high-ranking military leader. He was an engineer trained to analyze nuclear early-warning systems, an ordinary man within an extremely dangerous Cold War machine.
What was his real position?
Petrov was..know more

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Those who liked Text Types and Genres, also liked to explore PORTUGAL

Explore more about Lisbon is not just built above ground. Over more than two thousand years, different civilizations have constructed underground structures that remain hidden to this day.
Origin of the tunnels
Romans: drainage galleries, aqueducts, and sewers.
Islamic period: passages used for escape and supply.
Middle Ages: corridors under convents, churches, and palaces.
Purpose
Escape routes during sieges and invasions
Discreet transport of people, weapons, and supplies
Secure communication between strategic buildings
Shelter during conflicts
Impact of the 1755 earthquake
Many tunnels collapsed or were buried
Pombaline reconstruction built the city over older structures
Original maps were lost, preventing complete mapping
Documented tunnels
Galleries of the Aqueduto das Águas Livres
Roman cryptoporticos in Baixa
Subterranean passages under former convents
The mysterious side
Reports of connections between the Castle and the Tagus River
Tunnels between palaces and military areas
Structures not yet officially cataloged
Why almost no one talks about it
Urban safety risks
Archaeological complexity
Simplified tourist narrative..

Lisbon is not just built above ground. Over more than two thousand years, different civilizations have constructed underground structures that remain hidden to this day.
Origin of the tunnels
Romans: drainage galleries, aqueducts, and sewers.
Islamic period: passages used for escape and supply.
Middle Ages: corridors under convents, churches, and palaces.
Purpose
Escape..know more

The Pico Paraná, at 1,877 mete - About TOURISM

Explore more about The Pico Paraná, at 1,877 meters, is the highest point in southern Brazil and is located in the Serra do Mar, between the municipalities of Antonina and Campina Grande do Sul, in Paraná. Its geological formation dates back to the Precambrian period, millions of years ago, when tectonic uplift and erosion processes formed its igneous and granitic rocks. The name “Paraná” comes from the Tupi language and means “similar to a sea”, referencing the wide rivers and the vast vegetation surrounding the region.
Why the trail can be dangerous
Rugged terrain: loose rocks and steep sections increase the risk of slipping.
Rapid weather changes: fog, rain, or strong winds can make the climb difficult.
Lack of physical preparation: the long route requires endurance and good physical condition.
Limited signage: without a guide or an updated map, it’s easy to get lost.
How to prevent accidents:
Hire an experienced guide: safety and knowledge of the terrain.
Use proper equipment: trekking boots, poles, and waterproof clothing.
Plan your ascent: bring water, food, and a first aid kit.
Check the weather forecast: avoid climbs in rain or fog.
Respect your limits: taking breaks helps prevent fatigue and accidents...

The Pico Paraná, at 1,877 meters, is the highest point in southern Brazil and is located in the Serra do Mar, between the municipalities of Antonina and Campina Grande do Sul, in Paraná. Its geological formation dates back to the Precambrian period, millions of years ago, when tectonic uplift and erosion processes formed its igneous and granitic rocks. The name “Paraná” comes from the Tupi language..know more

The Apocalypse Many viewers sp - About STRANGER THINGS

Explore more about The Apocalypse
Many viewers spend the series trying to discover the virus’s origin, but Robert Kirkman, the creator, made it clear: it doesn’t matter. The focus is on humans — how people behave when society disappears, when there are no laws, comfort, or security. The virus is just a catalyst that reveals who people really are.
The Infection
The famous reveal that anyone becomes a zombie after dying was planned from the first season. It completely changes the perception of death: even “natural” or accidental deaths have an impact because transformation is inevitable. The threat isn’t just the undead; no one is truly safe.
Rick Could Have Died Early
In the comics and the original plans for the show, Rick Grimes wasn’t meant to survive this long. His survival extended the story arcs of characters like Daryl, Michonne, and Carl.
Zombies
In Season 1, zombies were smarter, but this was removed to show that the real danger comes from humans, not the undead. The series emphasizes that in a lawless world, people are more threatening than zombies.
The Ending
The series shows that surviving isn’t enough; what matters is the impact we leave and the world we help rebuild...

The Apocalypse
Many viewers spend the series trying to discover the virus’s origin, but Robert Kirkman, the creator, made it clear: it doesn’t matter. The focus is on humans — how people behave when society disappears, when there are no laws, comfort, or security. The virus is just a catalyst that reveals who people really are.
The Infection
The famous reveal that anyone..know more

1. A universe built by players - About HARRY POTTER

Explore more about 1. A universe built by players
Since 2006, Roblox has allowed anyone to create and play unique worlds. Thousands of games are made by the community, from epic adventures to wacky simulations.
2. A billion-dollar community
Some creators have earned millions from their games, turning fun into a business. Roblox’s economy is real and very active.
3. Engaging events
Constant updates and themed events add stories and challenges, keeping players hooked for years.
4. Loved by kids and teens
Over 50% of the player base is under 16. The platform combines creativity, competition, and social interaction in an irresistible way.
5. The legacy of David Baszucki
Roblox creator David Baszucki turned a simple idea into one of the world’s largest gaming platforms, inspiring millions to create and innovate...

1. A universe built by players
Since 2006, Roblox has allowed anyone to create and play unique worlds. Thousands of games are made by the community, from epic adventures to wacky simulations.
2. A billion-dollar community
Some creators have earned millions from their games, turning fun into a business. Roblox’s economy is real and very active.
3. Engaging events
Constant..know more

Beer Was Safer Than Water In t - About BEERS

Explore more about Beer Was Safer Than Water
In the Middle Ages, water was often contaminated, while boiling beer wort killed bacteria.
Children and adults drank “small beer” daily as a safe and nutritious beverage.
This shows how beer was an essential part of the diet and public health at the time.
The Monks
During Lent, monks brewed strong and nutritious beers.
The drink was called “liquid bread” and did not break the fast.
Beer served as a source of energy and nutrients during periods of dietary restriction.
Hops
Before hops were used, herb mixtures called gruit flavored beer and added various properties.
Some of these herbs had medicinal or even hallucinogenic effects.
This shows how beer historically had both recreational and therapeutic functions.
Women Ruled Beer
The first brewers were women, known as alewives.
The use of cauldrons and tall hats gave rise to stereotypes associated with witches.
This highlights the importance of women in brewing traditions before industrialization.
Beers That Survived Wars
During world wars, beer recipes were hidden to prevent them from being lost.
These secret formulas were passed down from generation to generation...

Beer Was Safer Than Water
In the Middle Ages, water was often contaminated, while boiling beer wort killed bacteria.
Children and adults drank “small beer” daily as a safe and nutritious beverage.
This shows how beer was an essential part of the diet and public health at the time.
The Monks
During Lent, monks brewed strong and nutritious beers.
The drink..know more

Juan Pujol García (1912–1988), - About HISTORY

Explore more about Juan Pujol García (1912–1988), codename Garbo, was the spy who fooled Hitler on his own. He created a fictional network of 27 agents that never existed, sending detailed reports with deliberately human errors. His cunning changed the course of the war.
Who he was
• Spanish, ordinary childhood
• Initially uninterested in politics
• Offered his services to the British and then deceived the Nazis
How he fooled the Nazis
• Created 27 fictional agents in Europe
• Sent convincing reports with strategic errors
• Gained the full trust of the German High Command
• Manipulated information subtly and creatively
Contribution to D-Day
• Hitler, misled by Pujol’s reports, positioned troops in the wrong place
• Helped make the Allied landing in Normandy easier
After the war
• Survived and kept his network secret
• Received British and Spanish honors
• Remembered as the spy who defeated Hitler without firing a shot..

Juan Pujol García (1912–1988), codename Garbo, was the spy who fooled Hitler on his own. He created a fictional network of 27 agents that never existed, sending detailed reports with deliberately human errors. His cunning changed the course of the war.
Who he was
• Spanish, ordinary childhood
• Initially uninterested in politics
• Offered his services to the British and then deceived..know more

Eleven was almost a boy In the - About STRANGER THINGS

Explore more about Eleven was almost a boy
In the early drafts by the Duffer Brothers, the main character was written as a different gender. By changing Eleven into a girl, the series gained a stronger emotional layer: apparent fragility versus extreme power, as well as themes of motherhood, friendship, and identity.
The Upside Down came before the story
Unlike the usual process, the creators first developed the universe: physical rules, climate, creatures, and the limits of the Upside Down. This made everything feel more real and consistent throughout the seasons.
Hawkins is a fictional town
Although it looks like a typical 1980s American town, Hawkins does not exist. Filming took place in several cities in Georgia, chosen for their urban aesthetics and forests that matched the show’s mysterious tone.
The Demogorgon was almost abstract
The creature was inspired by sharks and carnivorous plants, with the initial idea of being less human and more unsettling. The final version received a more “monstrous” look to create stronger visual impact and fear.
Inspired by real experiments
The Hawkins Laboratory was inspired by Project MKUltra, a real CIA program that investigated mind control using controversial methods. This makes the series even more disturbing by blending fiction with historical facts...

Eleven was almost a boy
In the early drafts by the Duffer Brothers, the main character was written as a different gender. By changing Eleven into a girl, the series gained a stronger emotional layer: apparent fragility versus extreme power, as well as themes of motherhood, friendship, and identity.
The Upside Down came before the story
Unlike the usual process, the creators..know more

Virginia Hall (1906–1982) was - About HISTORY

Explore more about Virginia Hall (1906–1982) was an American agent during World War II who defied every stereotype. A woman, a foreigner, and with a prosthetic leg — which she nicknamed “Cuthbert” — she embodied everything the Nazis underestimated. Even so, she became the most dangerous agent in occupied France.
Who she was
• American, former diplomatic service candidate
• Lost part of her leg in an accident
• Joined the British SOE and later the OSS (future CIA)
Operations in occupied France
• Worked undercover as a journalist and peasant
• Built and coordinated resistance networks
• Organized sabotage, rescues, and escapes
• Distributed weapons, money, and radios
• Trained local fighters
Hunted by the Gestapo
• Became a top Nazi priority target
• Described as “the most dangerous woman in Europe”
• Escaped capture multiple times
• Fled across the Pyrenees on foot in winter with a prosthetic leg
• Sent the famous message: “Cuthbert is causing trouble”
After the war
• Awarded the Distinguished Service Cross
• One of the few women to receive the honor
• Worked for the CIA in complete anonymity
• Never told her story publicly
Why was she forgotten?
• Challenged the traditional image of a hero
• Proved intelligence and courage outweigh brute force
• Her legacy remained hidden for decades..

Virginia Hall (1906–1982) was an American agent during World War II who defied every stereotype. A woman, a foreigner, and with a prosthetic leg — which she nicknamed “Cuthbert” — she embodied everything the Nazis underestimated. Even so, she became the most dangerous agent in occupied France.
Who she was
• American, former diplomatic service candidate
• Lost part of her leg in an accident
•..know more

The Rossio Statue Although eve - About PORTUGAL

Explore more about The Rossio Statue
Although everyone believes the statue represents D. Pedro IV, there is a myth that it was repurposed from another historical figure.
To prevent anyone from noticing, it was placed at the top of the column, out of public view.
This shows how urban legends can arise from seemingly small historical details.
Lisbon
Some buildings in the city date back to before 1143, the official founding year of Portugal.
They survived earthquakes, invasions, and changes of government over centuries.
This reveals the incredible resilience and historical richness of the Portuguese capital.
There Are Secret Tunnels Under Lisbon
Underground passages connect old convents, palaces, and military areas.
Many of these routes are closed or have never been fully mapped.
They served both for escape and logistics, showing a mysterious side of the city.
Portugal Once Banned Carnival
During certain conservative periods, Carnival was seen as a threat to public order.
The festivities were officially banned in some regions.
This shows how even popular traditions can become targets of political control.
The “Gold of Brazil”
Much of Brazil’s gold was sent to England, and only a fraction remained in Portugal, showing the complexity of the colonial economy...

The Rossio Statue
Although everyone believes the statue represents D. Pedro IV, there is a myth that it was repurposed from another historical figure.
To prevent anyone from noticing, it was placed at the top of the column, out of public view.
This shows how urban legends can arise from seemingly small historical details.
Lisbon
Some buildings in the city date..know more

In the center of Lisbon, in Ro - About PORTUGAL

Explore more about In the center of Lisbon, in Rossio Square, stands a column crowned by a statue attributed to Dom Pedro IV. At first glance, it appears to be a clear symbol of Portuguese liberalism. However, the story behind the sculpture is more curious than it seems.
Origin of the statue
Inaugurated in 1874
Officially dedicated to Dom Pedro IV
Cast in bronze and placed atop a tall column
The urban legend
There is a persistent myth that the statue does not represent Dom Pedro IV
It is believed the sculpture was reused from another historical figure
To avoid questioning, it was placed far from the public’s direct view
Why the doubt exists
Facial features do not match known portraits of the king
The crown and posture do not follow Portuguese iconographic standards
There is a lack of clear documentation about the original commission
Symbolism of the column
The pedestal represents the values of liberalism
Allegorical figures symbolize Justice, Wisdom, Strength, and Moderation
What this reveals
How urban legends arise from historical gaps
How monuments can be reinterpreted over time..

In the center of Lisbon, in Rossio Square, stands a column crowned by a statue attributed to Dom Pedro IV. At first glance, it appears to be a clear symbol of Portuguese liberalism. However, the story behind the sculpture is more curious than it seems.
Origin of the statue
Inaugurated in 1874
Officially dedicated to Dom Pedro IV
Cast in bronze and placed atop a tall column
The..know more

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