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American blockbusters are big-budget films that aim to attract a large audience and generate high financial returns at the box office. The concept of blockbusters dates back to the beginning of cinema, but it was in the 1970s that they were consolidated with "Jaws", directed by Steven Spielberg. The film ushered in the era of modern blockbusters, which was characterized by large productions with impressive special effects and high budgets. Spielberg directed other successful blockbusters, such as "Star Wars", "E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial" and "Jurassic Park". In the 1990s and 2000s, major film franchises such as "Harry Potter", "Lord of the Rings" and "Pirates of the Caribbean" became popular. American blockbusters are a product of the Hollywood film industry and are criticized by some for sacrificing artistic quality in the name of profit, but they are still popular with the general public and moviegoers.